Prevalence of Norwalk-like virus infections in cases of viral gastroenteritis among children in Osaka City, Japan.

Children in Osaka City, Japan in Cases of Viral Gastroenteritis among Prevalence of Norwalk-Like Virus Infections

CHAPTER 62 - Calicivirus Infections

Until the early 1970s, the cause of most gastroenteritis was unknown. Cases were attributed to the known infectious agents, mainly bacteria, and many other causes, including teething, weaning, diet, old age, drugs, and malnutrition. In 1972, immune electron microscopy of fecal specimens derived from an outbreak at a school in Norwalk, Ohio, USA, resulted in the identification of Norwalk virus, ...

Members of the family caliciviridae (Norwalk virus and Sapporo virus) are the most prevalent cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks among infants in Japan.

Norwalk virus (NV) and Sapporo virus (SV) were approved as type species of the genus Norwalk-like viruses and the genus Sapporo-like viruses, respectively, within the family Caliciviridae. To clarify the importance of NV and SV as causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks in infants, stool samples obtained from 36 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis that occurred during 1976-1995 in an infant h...

Major change in the predominant type of "Norwalk-like viruses" in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan, between April 1996 and March 1999.

In Osaka City, Japan, between April 1996 and March 1999, a total of 350 fecal specimens from 64 outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis were examined to investigate infection by "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs). By reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, 182 samples (52.0%) from 47 outbreaks (73.4%) were NLV positive. During those three years, the incidence of NLV-associated outbreaks showed seaso...

Study of Norwalk virus and Mexico virus infections at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.

Small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) or Norwalk-like viruses have been implicated as an important causative agent of gastroenteritis outbreaks. We used the relatively newly developed recombinant enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to determine the seroprevalence of Norwalk virus (NV) and Mexico virus (MxV) in a family-based cohort and an antenatal clinic cohort at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Sout...